Old Fashioned High Waisted Trousers Men

Clothing for the legs and lower torso

This article is almost the clothing particular. For the 1920 British film, see Trousers (moving-picture show).

Trousers (British English), slacks, or pants are an detail of wearable that might take originated in Central Asia, worn from the waist to the ankles, roofing both legs separately (rather than with textile extending across both legs as in robes, skirts, and dresses).

In the United Kingdom, the word pants mostly means underwear and not trousers.^[1] Shorts are similar to trousers, but with legs that come down merely to around the area of the knee, higher or lower depending on the style of the garment. To distinguish them from shorts, trousers may be called "long trousers" in sure contexts such as school uniform, where tailored shorts may be called "brusque trousers" in the UK.

The oldest known trousers, dating to the period between the 10th and 13th centuries BC, were found at the Yanghai cemetery in Turpan, Sinkiang (Tocharia), in present-day western Prc. Made of wool, the trousers had straight legs and wide crotches and were likely made for horseback riding.^{[2] [three]}

In most of Europe, trousers take been worn since ancient times and throughout the Medieval catamenia, becoming the near common form of lower-body clothing for adult males in the modern earth. Breeches were worn instead of trousers in early on modern Europe by some men in higher classes of society. Distinctive formal trousers are traditionally worn with formal and semi-formal day attire. Since the mid-20th century, trousers accept increasingly been worn past women every bit well.

Jeans, fabricated of denim, are a form of trousers for coincidental wear widely worn all over the world past both sexes. Shorts are often preferred in hot weather or for some sports and too often by children and adolescents. Trousers are worn on the hips or waist and are often held up by buttons, elastic, a chugalug or suspenders (braces). Unless elastic, and especially for men, trousers normally provide a zippered or buttoned fly. Jeans normally feature side and rear pockets with pocket openings placed slightly below the waist band. It is likewise possible for trousers to provide cargo pockets further downwardly the legs.

Maintenance of fit is more challenging for trousers than for another garments. Leg-length can be adjusted with a hem, which helps to retain fit during the adolescent and early adulthood growth years. Tailoring adjustment of girth to suit weight proceeds or weight loss is relatively limited, and otherwise serviceable trousers may demand to be replaced later on a significant alter in torso composition. Higher quality trousers often have actress textile included in the heart-back seam assart, so the waist tin can be let out further.

Terminology [edit]

In Scotland, trousers are usually known equally trews, a historic root of the word trousers. Trousers are besides known every bit breeks in Scots, a word related to breeches. The detail of article of clothing worn nether trousers is underpants. The standard form trousers is also used, simply it is sometimes pronounced in a manner approximately represented past [ˈtruːzɨrz], as Scots did not completely undergo the Not bad Vowel Shift, and thus retains the vowel audio of the Gaelic truis from which the give-and-take originates.

In North America, Australia, South Africa and North West England^[iv] pants is the general category term, whereas trousers (sometimes slacks in Australia and the United states of america) oftentimes refers more specifically to tailored garments with a waistband, belt-loops, and a fly-forepart. In these dialects, rubberband-waist knitted garments would be chosen pants, just non trousers (or slacks).

N Americans call undergarments underwear, underpants, undies, or panties (the last are women'south garments specifically) to distinguish them from other pants that are worn on the outside. The term drawers ordinarily refers to undergarments, but in some dialects, may be found as a synonym for "breeches", that is, trousers. In these dialects, the term underdrawers is used for undergarments. Many North Americans refer to their underpants past their type, such equally boxers or briefs.

In Australia, men's underwear also has diverse informal terms including nether-dacks, undies, dacks or jocks. In New Zealand men's underwear is known informally as undies or dacks.

The words trouser (or pant) instead of trousers (or pants) is sometimes used in the tailoring and fashion industries as a generic term, for instance when discussing styles, such as "a flared trouser", rather than as a specific item. The words trousers and pants are pluralia tantum, nouns that generally simply appear in plural form—much similar the words pair of scissors and tongs, and as such pair of trousers is the usual correct grade. However, the singular form is used in some compound words, such equally trouser-leg, trouser-press and trouser-bottoms.^[5]

Jeans are trousers typically made from denim or dungaree cloth. Skin-tight leggings are ordinarily referred to as tights.

Types [edit]

There are several dissimilar master types of pants and trousers, such equally dress pants, jeans, khakis, chinos, leggings, and sweatpants. They tin also be classified past fit, textile, and other features. In that location is apparently no universal, overarching classification.

History [edit]

Roman Bronze Statuette of a Suebi wearing trousers. Starting time to 3rd century AD.

Prehistory [edit]

There is some evidence, from figurative art, of trousers being worn in the Upper Paleolithic, as seen on the figurines found at the Siberian sites of Mal'ta and Buret'.^[6] The oldest known trousers were plant at the Yanghai cemetery, extracted from mummies in Turpan, Xinjiang, western China, belonging to the people of the Tarim Basin; dated to the period between the 13th and the tenth century BC and fabricated of wool, the trousers had straight legs and wide crotches, and were likely fabricated for horseback riding.^{[2] [iii]}

Antiquity [edit]

Scythian wearing trousers

Trousers enter recorded history in the 6th century BC, on the rock carvings and artworks of Persepolis,^[7] and with the appearance of horse-riding Eurasian nomads in Greek ethnography. At this time, Iranian peoples such as Scythians, Sarmatians, Sogdians and Bactrians among others, along with Armenians and Eastern and Central Asian peoples such as the Xiongnu/Hunnu, are known to have worn trousers.^{[8] [nine]} Trousers are believed to have been worn by both sexes among these early on users.^[10]

The ancient Greeks used the term "ἀναξυρίδες" (anaxyrides) for the trousers worn past Eastern nations^[eleven] and "σαράβαρα" (sarabara) for the loose trousers worn by the Scythians.^[12] However, they did not wear trousers since they thought them ridiculous,^{[xiii] [xiv]} using the word "θύλακοι" (thulakoi), pl. of "θύλακος" (thulakos), "sack", equally a slang term for the loose trousers of Persians and other Heart Easterners.^[15]

Republican Rome viewed the draped clothing of Greek and Minoan (Cretan) civilization as an emblem of civilisation and disdained trousers as the marking of barbarians.^[16] As the Roman Empire expanded beyond the Mediterranean bowl, however, the greater warmth provided by trousers led to their adoption.^[17] Two types of trousers somewhen saw widespread use in Rome: the Feminalia, which fit snugly and usually savage to knee or mid-dogie length,^[18] and the Braccae, a loose-fitting trouser that was closed at the ankles.^[nineteen] Both garments were adopted originally from the Celts of Europe, although later familiarity with the Farsi Near Eastward and the Teutons increased credence. Feminalia and Braccae both began utilise equally armed forces garments, spreading to civilian dress later, and were eventually made in a diverseness of materials including leather, wool, cotton and silk.^[20]

Medieval Europe [edit]

Trousers of various designs were worn throughout the Heart Ages in Europe, especially by men. Loose-plumbing equipment trousers were worn in Byzantium under long tunics,^[21] and were worn by many tribes, such equally the Germanic tribes that migrated to the Western Roman Empire in Late Antiquity and the Early Eye Ages, as evidenced by both artistic sources and such relics as the fourth-century costumes recovered from the Thorsberg peat bog (see illustration).^[22] Trousers in this menstruum, generally called brais, varied in length and were oft airtight at the cuff or fifty-fifty had attached foot coverings, although open up-legged pants were as well seen.^[23]

Psalter (the 'Shaftesbury Psalter') with calendar and prayers Origin England Engagement 2d quarter of the 12th century

By the 8th century at that place is evidence of the wearing in Europe of two layers of trousers, especially among upper-class males.^[24] The under layer is today referred to past costume historians as "drawers", although that usage did not emerge until the late 16th century. Over the drawers were worn trousers of wool or linen, which in the 10th century began to be referred to as breeches in many places. Tightness of fit and length of leg varied by period, form, and geography. (Open legged trousers tin be seen on the Norman soldiers of the Bayeux Tapestry.)^[25]

Although Charlemagne (742–814) is recorded to have habitually worn trousers, donning the Byzantine tunic merely for ceremonial occasions,^{[26] [27]} the influence of the Roman past and the example of Byzantium led to the increasing use of long tunics by men, hiding most of the trousers from view and eventually rendering them an undergarment for many. Every bit undergarments, these trousers became briefer or longer every bit the length of the diverse medieval outer garments changed, and were met by, and usually attached to, another garment variously called hose or stockings.

In the 14th century it became common among the men of the noble and knightly classes to connect the hose straight to their pourpoints^[28] (the padded under jacket worn with armoured breastplates that would later evolve into the doublet) rather than to their drawers. In the 15th century, rising hemlines led to e'er briefer drawers^[29] until they were dispensed with altogether past the most fashionable elites who joined their pare-tight hose back into trousers.^[30] These trousers, which we would today phone call tights simply which were withal chosen hose or sometimes joined hose at the time, emerged tardily in the 15th century and were conspicuous by their open up crotch which was covered by an independently fastening front console, the codpiece. The exposure of the hose to the waist was consistent with 15th-century trends, which as well brought the pourpoint/doublet and the shirt, previously undergarments, into view,^[31] merely the most revealing of these fashions were only ever adopted at court and not by the general population.

Men's dress in Hungary in the 15th century consisted of a shirt and trousers as underwear, and a dolman worn over them, too as a short fur-lined or sheepskin glaze. Hungarians generally wore simple trousers, only their colour beingness unusual; the dolman covered the greater part of the trousers.^[32]

Europe before the 20th century [edit]

Around the turn of the 16th century it became conventional to separate hose into two pieces, ane from the waist to the crotch which fastened around the height of the legs, called torso hose, and the other running beneath information technology to the pes. The torso hose presently reached down the thigh to spike below the knee joint and were at present commonly chosen "breeches" to distinguish them from the lower-leg coverings still chosen hose or, sometimes stockings. By the cease of the 16th century, the codpiece had also been incorporated into breeches which featured a fly or fall front opening.

As a modernisation mensurate, Tsar Peter the Nifty of Russian federation issued a decree in 1701 commanding every Russian homo, other than clergy and peasant farmers, to habiliment trousers.^[33]

Western dress shall exist worn by all the boyars, members of our councils and of our court...gentry of Moscow, secretaries...provincial gentry, gosti,[3] government officials, streltsy,[iv] members of the guilds purveying for our household, citizens of Moscow of all ranks, and residents of provincial cities...excepting the clergy and peasant tillers of the soil. The upper wearing apparel shall be of French or Saxon cut, and the lower dress...--waistcoat, trousers, boots, shoes, and hats--shall be of the German type

During the French Revolution of 1789 and following, many male citizens of France adopted a working-class costume including ankle-length trousers, or pantaloons (named from a Commedia dell'Arte graphic symbol named Pantalone)^[34] in place of the aristocratic knee-breeches (culottes). (Compare sans-culottes.) The new garment of the revolutionaries differed from that of the ancien regime upper classes in three ways:

• it was loose where the style for breeches had well-nigh recently been class-fitting
• it was ankle length where breeches had generally been knee-length for more than two centuries
• they were open at the bottom while breeches were fastened

Pantaloons became fashionable in early 19th-century England and the Regency era. The manner was introduced by Beau Brummell (1778–1840)^{[35] [36] [37]} and past mid-century had supplanted breeches as fashionable street-wearable.^[38] At this point, even knee joint-length pants adopted the open bottoms of trousers (see shorts) and were worn past young boys, for sports, and in tropical climates. Breeches proper have survived into the 21st century every bit courtroom clothes, and likewise in baggy mid-calf (or three-quarter length) versions known as plus-fours or knickers worn for agile sports and past immature schoolboys. Types of breeches are also still worn today by baseball and American football players, and by equestrians.

Sailors may^{[ original research? ]} have played a part in the worldwide dissemination of trousers every bit a mode. In the 17th and 18th centuries, sailors wore baggy trousers known as galligaskins. Sailors besides pioneered the wearing of jeans - trousers made of denim.^[39] These became more pop in the tardily 19th century in the American West considering of their ruggedness and durability.

Starting effectually the mid-19th century, Wigan pit-forehead girls scandalised Victorian order by wearing trousers for their piece of work at the local coal mines. They wore skirts over their trousers and rolled them up to their waists to proceed them out of the style. Although pit-forehead lasses worked above basis at the pit-head, their chore of sorting and shovelling coal involved hard manual labour, and so wearing the usual long skirts of the fourth dimension would have greatly hindered their movements.

Medieval Korea [edit]

The Korean word for trousers, baji (originally pajibaji) first appears in recorded history around the plow of the 15th century, only pants may accept been in use past Korean gild for some time. From at least this fourth dimension pants were worn by both sexes in Korea. Men wore trousers either as outer garments or below skirts, while information technology was unusual for adult women to habiliment their pants (termed sokgot) without a covering brim. Every bit in Europe, a wide diverseness of styles came to ascertain regions, time periods and historic period and gender groups, from the unlined gouei to the padded sombaji.^[40]

Women wearing trousers [edit]

See too the "Laws" section beneath in this article.

In Western society, it was Eastern culture that inspired French designer Paul Poiret (1879–1944) to be one of the beginning to design pants for women. In 1913, Poiret created loose-fitting, broad-leg trousers for women called harem pants, which were based on the costumes of the popular ballet Sheherazade. Written by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888, Sheherazade was based on a collection of legends from the Eye Due east chosen 1001 Arabian Nights.^[41]

In the early 20th century, women air pilots and other working women often wore trousers. Frequent photographs from the 1930s of actresses Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn in trousers helped make trousers acceptable for women. During Globe War II, women employed in factories or doing other "men's work" on war service wore trousers when the job demanded it. In the mail service-state of war era, trousers became acceptable casual clothing for gardening, the beach, and other leisure pursuits. In U.k. during World War Two the rationing of clothing prompted women to wear their husbands' civilian clothes, including trousers, to piece of work while the men were serving in the war machine. This was partly considering they were seen as practical for work, just also then that women could go along their clothing assart for other uses. As this practice of wearing trousers became more widespread and equally the men's clothing wore out, replacements were needed. By the summer of 1944, it was reported that sales of women'southward trousers were five times more than the previous year.^[42]

In 1919, Luisa Capetillo challenged mainstream society by condign the first woman in Puerto Rico to article of clothing trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for what was considered to be a crime, merely the charges were later dropped.

In the 1960s, André Courrèges introduced long trousers for women every bit a fashion item, leading to the era of the pantsuit and designer jeans and the gradual erosion of social prohibitions against girls and women wearing trousers in schools, the workplace and in fine restaurants.

In 1969, Rep. Charlotte Reid (R-Ill.) became the get-go woman to article of clothing trousers in the US Congress.^[43]

Pat Nixon was the first American Start Lady to wear trousers in public.^[44]

In 1989, California state senator Rebecca Morgan became the first adult female to wearable trousers in a US country senate.^[45]

Hillary Clinton was the first adult female to wear trousers in an official American Kickoff Lady portrait.^[46]

In Rome in 1992, a adult female'south jeans became a central issue in a rape case. A 45-yr-old driving instructor was accused of rape. When he picked upwards an 18-year-quondam girl for her offset driving lesson, he allegedly raped her for an hour, so threatened to kill her if she reported the crime. Later that night she told her parents, who sought to press charges. While the alleged rapist was convicted and sentenced, the Italian Supreme Court overturned the confidence in 1998 because the victim wore tight jeans. It was argued that she must take necessarily have had to help her assaulter remove her jeans, thus making the human action consensual ("because the victim wore very, very tight jeans, she had to help him remove them...and by removing the jeans...it was no longer rape simply consensual sex"). The Italian Supreme Court stated in its conclusion "it is a fact of common experience that it is virtually impossible to slip off tight jeans even partly without the active collaboration of the person who is wearing them."^[47] This ruling sparked widespread feminist protest. The day after the conclusion, women in the Italian Parliament protested by wearing jeans and holding placards that read "Jeans: An Alibi for Rape." As a sign of support, the California Senate and Assembly followed conform. Soon Patricia Giggans, Executive Director of the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Confronting Women, (at present Peace Over Violence) made Denim Twenty-four hour period an annual upshot. As of 2011 at to the lowest degree xx U.Due south. states officially recognize Denim 24-hour interval in April. Equally of 2008 the Italian Supreme Court has overturned their findings, and there is no longer a "denim" defense to the charge of rape.

Women were not allowed to wear trousers on the US Senate flooring until 1993.^{[48] [49]} In 1993, Senators Barbara Mikulski and Carol Moseley Braun wore trousers onto the floor in defiance of the rule, and female support staff followed soon later on; the rule was amended later that year by Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Martha Pope to allow women to wear trousers on the floor so long as they also wore a jacket.^{[48] [49]}

In Republic of malaŵi women were not legally immune to wear trousers under President Kamuzu Banda'south rule until 1994.^[l] This constabulary was introduced in 1965.^[51]

Since 2004 the International Skating Union has immune women to wear trousers instead of skirts in ice-skating competitions.^[52]

In 2009, journalist Lubna Hussein was fined the equivalent of $200 when a court found her guilty of violating Sudan's decency laws by wearing trousers.^[53]

In 2012 the Royal Canadian Mounted Police began to allow women to vesture trousers and boots with all their formal uniforms.^[54]

In 2012 and 2013, some Mormon women participated in "Wear Pants to Church Day", in which they wore trousers to church instead of the customary dresses to encourage gender equality inside The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-solar day Saints.^{[55] [56]} Over i thousand women participated in 2012.^[56]

In 2013, Turkey's parliament ended a ban on women lawmakers wearing trousers in its assembly.^[57]

Also in 2013, an old bylaw requiring women in Paris, France to ask permission from city authorities earlier "dressing every bit men", including wearing trousers (with exceptions for those "holding a bicycle handlebar or the reins of a horse") was declared officially revoked by France'southward Women'southward Rights Minister, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem.^[58] The bylaw was originally intended to foreclose women from wearing the pantalons stylish with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution.^[58]

In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a married man objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the married man and can be a ground to seek divorce.^[59] The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as divers under department 27(one)(d) of the Special Wedlock Deed, 1954.^[59]

Until 2016 some female person crew members on British Airways were required to wear British Airways' standard "ambassador" uniform, which has not traditionally included trousers.^[60]

In 2017, The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-twenty-four hour period Saints announced that its female employees could wear "professional pantsuits and dress slacks" while at work; dresses and skirts had previously been required.^[61] In 2018 it was announced that female person missionaries of that church could wear dress slacks except when attending the temple and during Dominicus worship services, baptismal services, and mission leadership and zone conferences.^[62]

In 2019, Virgin Atlantic began to allow its female person flying attendants to wear trousers.^[63]

Parts of trousers [edit]

Pleats [edit]

Pleats just below the waistband on the front typify many styles of formal and casual trousers, including adapt trousers and khakis. There may be one, 2, three, or no pleats, which may face either management. When the pleats open up towards the pockets they are chosen reverse pleats (typical of most trousers today) and when they open toward the fly they are known equally forrad pleats.

Cuffs [edit]

Trouser-makers can cease the legs by hemming the bottom to preclude fraying.^{[ citation needed ]} Trousers with plough-ups (cuffs in American English), after hemming, are rolled outward and sometimes pressed or stitched into place.

Wing [edit]

A wing is a roofing over an opening join concealing the machinery, such as a zipper, velcro or buttons, used to bring together the opening. In trousers, this is most unremarkably an opening covering the groin, which makes the pants easier to put on or accept off. The opening also allows men to urinate without lowering their trousers.

Trousers have varied historically in whether or not they have a wing. Originally, hose did non cover the area betwixt the legs. This was instead covered by a doublet or by a codpiece. When breeches were worn, during the Regency period for case, they were fall-fronted (or wide fall). After, after trousers (pantaloons) were invented, the wing-front (split fall) emerged.^[64] The panelled front returned as a sporting option, such as in riding breeches, only is now inappreciably ever used, a wing beingness past far the virtually common fastening. Near flies now use a zipper, though push-fly pants keep to be available.

Trouser support [edit]

At present, most trousers are held up through the assistance of a belt which is passed through the belt loops on the waistband of the trousers. However, this was traditionally a style acceptable simply for casual trousers and work trousers; suit trousers and formal trousers were suspended by the use of braces (suspenders in American English language) attached to buttons located on the interior or exterior of the waistband. Today, this remains the preferred method of trouser support among adherents of classical British tailoring. Many men claim this method is more effective and more comfy because it requires no cinching of the waist or periodic adjustment.

Society [edit]

In modern Western lodge, males customarily vesture trousers and not skirts or dresses. There are exceptions, even so, such as the ceremonial Scottish kilt and Greek fustanella, as well every bit robes or robe-like clothing such as the cassocks of clergy and the academic robes, both rarely worn today in daily utilize. (Meet also Men'south skirts.)

Convertible Ventilated Trousers shown with i leg cover removed

Based on Deuteronomy 22:5 in the Bible ("The adult female shall non wear that which pertaineth unto a man"), some groups, including the Amish, Hutterites, some Mennonites, some Baptists, a few Church of Christ groups, and most Orthodox Jews, believe that women should not wear trousers. These groups permit women to clothing underpants as long equally they are hidden. Past contrast, many Muslim sects corroborate of pants as they are considered more small than whatsoever skirt that is shorter than ankle length. However, some mosques require ankle length trousers for both Muslims and not-Muslims on the premises.^[65]

Amid certain groups, low-rise, baggy trousers exposing underwear became fashionable; for example, among skaters and in 1990s hip hop manner. This style is chosen sagging or, alternatively, "busting slack."^[66]

Cut-offs are bootleg shorts made past cutting the legs off trousers, ordinarily after holes have been worn in fabric around the knees. This extends the useful life of the trousers. The remaining leg fabric may be hemmed or left to fray afterwards beingness cutting.

Laws [edit]

French republic [edit]

In 2013, a police requiring women in Paris, France, to ask permission from city government before "dressing as men", including wearing trousers (with exceptions for those "property a bicycle handlebar or the reins of a horse") was declared officially revoked by France's Women'due south Rights Minister, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem.^[58] The bylaw was originally intended to foreclose women from wearing the pantalons fashionable with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution.^[58]

India [edit]

In 2014, an Indian family unit court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a footing to seek divorce.^[59] The married woman was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty every bit divers nether section 27(i)(d) of Special Matrimony Human action, 1954.^[59]

Italia [edit]

In Rome in 1992, a 45-twelvemonth-former driving teacher was defendant of rape. When he picked up an 18-twelvemonth-one-time daughter for her beginning driving lesson, he allegedly raped her for an hr, then told her that if she was to tell anyone he would kill her. Later that night she told her parents and her parents agreed to assist her press charges. While the declared rapist was convicted and sentenced, the Italian Supreme Court overturned the conviction in 1998 because the victim wore tight jeans. It was argued that she must take necessarily have had to assistance her aggressor remove her jeans, thus making the act consensual ("because the victim wore very, very tight jeans, she had to help him remove them...and by removing the jeans...information technology was no longer rape only consensual sex activity"). The Italian Supreme Court stated in its conclusion "it is a fact of mutual feel that it is nearly impossible to sideslip off tight jeans even partly without the active collaboration of the person who is wearing them."^[47] This ruling sparked widespread feminist protest. The day later the decision, women in the Italian Parliament protested by wearing jeans and holding placards that read "Jeans: An Alibi for Rape." Every bit a sign of support, the California Senate and Assembly followed accommodate. Soon Patricia Giggans, Executive Director of the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women, (now Peace Over Violence) fabricated Denim Day an annual event. As of 2011 at least 20 U.S. states officially recognize Denim Day in April. Wearing jeans on this 24-hour interval, 22 Apr, has become an international symbol of protest. As of 2008, the Italian Supreme Courtroom has overturned their findings, and in that location is no longer a "denim" defence to the charge of rape.

Malawi [edit]

In Malawi, women were not legally allowed to habiliment trousers under President Kamuzu Banda'southward rule until 1994.^[50] This law was introduced in 1965.^[51]

Puerto Rico [edit]

In 1919, Luisa Capetillo challenged mainstream society by becoming the first adult female in Puerto Rico to article of clothing trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for what was then considered to be a criminal offence, only, the judge later dropped the charges confronting her.^{[ citation needed ]}

Turkey [edit]

In 2013, Turkey'southward parliament ended a ban on women lawmakers wearing trousers in its assembly.^[57]

Sudan [edit]

In Sudan, Article 152 of the Memorandum to the 1991 Penal Lawmaking prohibits the wearing of "obscene outfits" in public. This law has been used to arrest and prosecute women wearing trousers. Thirteen women including announcer Lubna al-Hussein were arrested in Khartoum in July 2009 for wearing trousers; x of the women pleaded guilty and were flogged with 10 lashes and fined 250 Sudanese pounds apiece. Lubna al-Hussein considers herself a good Muslim and asserts "Islam does not say whether a woman can wear trousers or not. I'one thousand not afraid of beingness flogged. It doesn't hurt. But it is insulting." She was eventually found guilty and fined the equivalent of $200 rather than being flogged.^[53]

United states of america [edit]

In May 2004, in Louisiana, Democrat and state legislator Derrick Shepherd proposed a nib that would get in a criminal offence to appear in public wearing trousers below the waist and thereby exposing ane'due south skin or "intimate habiliment".^[67] The Louisiana pecker did non pass.

In February 2005, Virginia legislators tried to pass a similar law that would have fabricated punishable past a $fifty fine "whatever person who, while in a public identify, intentionally wears and displays his below-waist undergarments, intended to cover a person's intimate parts, in a lewd or indecent style". (Information technology is non clear whether, with the aforementioned coverage by the trousers, exposing underwear was considered worse than exposing bare skin, or whether the latter was already covered by another police force.) The police force passed in the Virginia House of Delegates. Yet, various criticisms to it arose. For instance, newspaper columnists and radio talk show hosts consistently said that since most people that would exist penalised under the law would be young African-American men, the law would thus exist a form of racial discrimination. Virginia's state senators voted against passing the law.^{[68] [69]}

In California, Government Code Department 12947.five (office of the California Off-white Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)) expressly protects the correct to wear pants.^[70] Thus, the standard California FEHA bigotry complaint class includes an option for "denied the right to wear pants."^[71]

Run into also [edit]

• Capri pants
• Churidar
• Wear sizes
• Low-rise pants
• No Pants Mean solar day
• Open-crotch pants
• Oxford bags
• Pantalettes
• Pantsuit
• Thai fisherman pants
• Trouser clips

References [edit]

1. ^ Hanks, Patrick, ed. (1979). Collins English Lexicon. London: Collins. p. 1061. ISBN978-0-00-433078-v. pants pl. n. 1. British. an undergarment reaching from the waist to the thighs or knees. 2. the usual U.Southward. name for trousers.
2. ^ ^{a b} Brook, Ulrike; Wagner, Mayke; Li, Xiao; Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond; Tarasov, Pavel Due east. (22 May 2014). "The invention of trousers and its likely amalgamation with horseback riding and mobility: A case written report of belatedly 2nd millennium BC finds from Turfan in eastern Cardinal Asia". Fourth International. 348: 224–235. Bibcode:2014QuInt.348..224B. doi:x.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.056.
3. ^ ^{a b} Beck, Ulrike; Wagner, Mayke; Li, Xiao; Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond; Tarasov, Pavel E. (2014). "Beginning pants worn by horse riders iii,000 years agone". 4th International. Scientific discipline News. 348: 224–235. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.056. Retrieved half dozen Dec 2015.
4. ^ Mackenzie, Laurel; Bailey, George; Danielle, Turton (2016). "Our Dialects: Mapping variation in English language in the Great britain". world wide web.ourdialects.uk. University of Manchester. Lexical Variation > Clothing. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
5. ^ "Pair of pants". World Wide Words. 28 April 2001. Retrieved vi December 2015.
6. ^ Nelson, Sarah One thousand. (2004). Gender in archaeology: analyzing power and prestige. Gender and Archaeology. Vol. 9. Rowman Altamira. p. 85. ISBN978-0-7591-0496-9.
7. ^ Pictures bear witness Achaemenid costumes including trousers. http://persianwondersvideo.blogspot.com.au/
8. ^ Payne, Blanche. History of Costume. Harper & Row, 1965. pp. 49–51
9. ^ Sekunda, Nicholas. The Persian Army 560–330 BC. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
10. ^ Lever, James (1995, 2010). Costume and Fashion: A Concise History. Thames and Hudson. p. 15.
11. ^ ἀναξυρίδες, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
12. ^ σαράβαρα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
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